The Declaration Of Independence By Pauline Maier - 965 Words

American Scripture is a work of nonfiction written by Pauline Maier and published in 1997 by the Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. publishing company. The book centers on the writing of the Declaration of Independence and how it influences America. It also looks at the various aspects that control and shape how the Declaration is written. Within the book, many of the fundamental principles of United States are discussed. Three of the most important ones addressed throughout the book are limited government, popular sovereignty, and equality. The first fundamental principle discussed in American Scripture is limited government. Colonial America was a place of much dissatisfaction. The King controlled the colonies and made policies that angered and upset his colonial subjects. Throughout the book, it is shown that many people wanted a new government with little power held in the central government. One such person is William Henry Drayton who wrote his own Declaration of Independence. Draytonâ€⠄¢s proclamation told King George III that his actions left the throne â€Å"absolutely and completely vacant†. Drayton believed that the King’s monarchial actions in the years leading up to his writing made him unfit to lead the colonies and he instead believed that a leader with less absolute power should take over control. Drayton’s specific problems with the King included his taxation and his troops. He believed that excessive taxation was not tolerable if the citizens could not control what the moneyShow MoreRelatedRatification : The People Debate1728 Words   |  7 Pagesusually presented as a unifying document establishing a system of government that most efficiently ensures the states’ newly won independence. Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution were seen as against a strong federal governmental power and obstructive in their opposition. In her book, Ratification: The People debate the Constitution, 1787-1788, Pauline Maier exami ned the often-tempestuous state-level debates over the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and found there was a legitimateRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence By Thomas Jefferson1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe Declaration of Independence is viewed by just about every patriotic American citizen as one of the most ideologically appropriate documents encapsulating the beliefs for which the United States of America stands. Written in 1776, it encompasses the themes of freedom for every man in the world, a concept and belief that is still the central idea and goal in this country well over 200 years later. Much credit is due to those who authored such an inspirational and monumental document. The most famousRead MoreSamuel Adams As A Code Hero Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthe knot of lignum vitae that tied North America to Great Britain.† (Maier 13). It is evident that at the time, Sam was greatly responsible for spreading his ideals of American freedom, and wanted to prom ote cutting ties with England. This also proves just how influential he was at the time. The true peak of his career was when Adams was chosen as a delegate to the Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence. Considering his age at the time, Adams was clearly a hard working manRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Declaration Of Independence1086 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Declaration of Independence. Jeffersons work went through a thorough process of editing and correcting by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin before the release of the final version in 1776. The purpose of the document is to unite the citizens and convince them to rally against the tyrannous king of Great Britain. Franklin and Adams edit this document in a specific way so that it does not exclude any of the oppressed. They accomplish this by removing certain statements about independence, happinessRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States1844 Words   |  8 Pages The Declarat ion of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule. Instead they formed a new nation—the United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was unanimously approved on July 2. A committeeRead MoreEssay on Corrupt Nature Of The Founding Fathers1584 Words   |  7 Pagescould only be held by a man worth at least $100,000.15 The Fathers truly feared that the poor would tread upon the rich, but most would probably admit that without restraints, the rich would tread upon the poor.16 The argument in the Declaration of Independence that all men are created equal was written by the Fathers, but only to refer to a legal proposition, not that of a political or psychological one.17 This phrase did not refer to the uneducated dirt farmer of grimy-handed ship caulkerRead MoreCorrupt Nature of the Founding Fathers1588 Words   |  7 Pagescould only be held by a man worth at least $100,000.15 The Fathers truly feared that the poor would tread upon the rich, but most would probably admit that without restraints, the rich would tread upon the poor.16 The argument in the Declaration of Independence that all men are created equal was written by the Fathers, but only to refer to a legal proposition, not that of a political or psychological one.17 This phrase did not refer to the uneducated dirt farmer of grimy-handed ship caulkerRead More Declaration of Independence Essay2008 Words   |  9 Pageswhen America, as a new nation declared to the world its independence from monarchs. Because of the importance of this day, thus, the Declaration of Independence can be considered as one of the most influential documents in American History. Not only that, other organizations and countries have also adopted its manner and tones for their own documents or declarations, such as â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† from France or the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† from the Women’s Right movement. After theRead More The Declaration of Independence: A Closer Look Essay2643 Words   |  11 Pages In What Did the Declaration Declare?, Joseph J. Ellis, an editor for history publications presents various historical perceptions on the analytical conception of this mythic text of American public life. The Declaration of Independence has enjoyed a long and useful career as an expression of quot;natural rights,quot; providing Americans with an influential statement of their national doctrine. Thomas Jefferson had no reason to believe that he was writing a document that would become so reveredRead MoreInterpreting the Constitution (Strict vs. Loose); Jefferson and Hamilt1896 Words   |  8 Pagesprohibiting the free exercise thereof; thus building a wall of separation between church and state. This letter affirmed Jeffersons belief that church and state should be separated and includes the celebrated phrase, a wall of eternal separation (Maier, 2000). His views on religion are also expressed in Document B******, Jefferson states, I consider the government of the United States as interdicted by the Constitution from intermeddling with religious institutions, their doctrines, discipline

Realism in 21st Century Free Essays

Realism in 21st Century The world, in view of the fact that it was created is changing. With the changing desires and demands of today’s standard of living, individual needs to be in sync with the demands and trends of modern day living. Not too long ago, people were seen doing stuffs that have turned out to be more of a routine in today’s humankind. We will write a custom essay sample on Realism in 21st Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every single day a new type of technology is been introduced in today’s world. So, the question arises that is theses changes necessary in today’s world? If yes, does it have a good or a bad impact to the human society in today’s world? We need to talk about in which approach hi-tech advancements that pace into our daily lives have altered our lifestyles in the very last few centuries. In today’s world each and every single people rely on new and advance technologies. Everyone loves new technologies and gadgets that promise innovative and better ways of living. A pace of life is frequently increasing with the increase in new technologies. Nowadays somewhat more a quarter of the earth’s population can be found in the industrialized societies. And half of the population still lives on past agriculture, but they are also relying on machines. The remaining of the world’s population, however, is no longer of either the past or the present. They live in the future, within the most important centers of cultural and technological change, in New York, California, Cambridge, London and Tokyo (Toffler, p. 38). A new part of technology is like a new relationship to an individual, it will be cool and thrilling at the first, but sooner or later it gets addictive to the people. I doubt technology’s give your word to improve the quality of life, makes our life easier and simpler, but it gets more addictive and makes one lethargic. People have turn out to be physically and psychologically dependent on many behaviors and substances for centuries. The compulsive and frequently use of these technologies have negative impact on our daily lives. The key life areas that appear to be impacted are relationships, health, employment, and financial status. In the present day people find their reality have changed because they have to get used to the new culture and behavior according to the pace of technology. Presently people like to live in this current industrialized era but some of them are overwhelmed by the change of new technologies and inventions. Changes in the life are important, but the acceleration of changes leads to the victim of overchoice and impacts on our personal and psychological, as well as sociological, consequences (Toffler, p. 2). Philip Morris now it is Altria Group, for example, when it was introduced in USA in 1954, it only sold a single major brand of cigarettes i. e. Marlboro specifically to men. By now Altria Group has introduced additional 16 new brands with so many options with respect to size and flavors (Toffler, p. 265). Not only in cigarettes there are many overchoices in food, clothing, gasoline, and many more. There is a huge diversity in education industry too, students have a huge selection on what field they want to study and nowadays students can even get their degree online. More often than not society does not leave freedom for avoidance and as a result one need to adjust and learn about the new technologies that become part of our lifestyles. These days when people are faced with having to decide one option out of many popular choices, they will start on to think about imaginary trade-offs. The people do make their best choice out of the variable products, but afterwards it affects their level of satisfaction they had from the one before. The people now can’t escape this situation of freedom because they are not committed to the choice they make. People don’t know that the current loads of choice over and over again lead to feelings of loneliness and depression. The creation of the Internet has been the main source of innovative information, connectivity, and possibilities to create new private freedom. There are presently more than a billion web pages of information on the Internet about every topic that you can think of. The Internet users around the world have been increased by 444% since the starting of the 21st century (Internet Usage Statistics). In this era, computers and Internet are an important part of everyday life. Computers are used everywhere. Today Internet and computers can exactly take us to the different worlds and different realms of reality by a thought referred to as virtual reality. Inception is the latest â€Å"virtual reality† movie of this time. In this movie Leonardo DiCaprio plays an unlawful with the technology to plan himself into the dreams and ideas of others. The characters spend an important amount of time entirely powerless with beeping tools nearby. In the meantime their minds are busy occupied navigating avatars in a virtual world of Inception. In this movie, a machine would let you to connect to a virtual atmosphere by getting into someone’s dream. Even in the movies â€Å"The Matrix† and â€Å"Avatar† was computer generated and were in the different world of imagination. In â€Å"Plowing the Dark† by Richard Powers, on one side of a story a band of researchers in Seattle working on a 3D reality on how an empty white room that can become a jungle, a painting, or a Byzantine cathedral. And the other follows an individual kidnapped and held hostage by terrorists in Lebanon in an empty white room, equipped only with his imagination and memory. In the novel, the two stories overlap, but the people in the different stories do not know one another and never communicate. But at the end, the imaginative experience of Adie and Taimur intersect, with Taimur’s control leading to an unexpected change in Adie’s life and Adie inspiring Taimur at a serious moment. In this novel, the author addresses this issue of creating an inspiring character of life in an unreal environment that becomes frightening real to us (Powers). The novel â€Å"Plowing the Dark,† alludes to several poems including â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† by W. B. Yeats. In this poem, Yeats highlights the aspect of world he lives in, is scared of becoming older and complains about the world he lives in, so he decides to escape to the city i. e. Byzantium where the poet can achieve immortality. In all the movies (â€Å"Inception,† â€Å"The Matrix,† and â€Å"Avatar†), the novel â€Å"Plowing the Dark,† and the poem â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† the people wants to escape the real world and wants live in their own virtual mind and places they created. Virtual reality is becoming more prominent and dangerous as the days passes. One can assume a second identity in their imaginary world through the Internet. In 2003, a game called â€Å"Second Life† appeared on the Internet, is an online virtual world mainly targeted to the children who are aged thirteen and over, and as of 2011 â€Å"Second Life† has more than 20 million egistered user accounts (Secondlife). They can get married, have children, rob banks, and shoot people all in the name of fun. Virtual reality makes it a good tool for education because it allows children to learn in a more interactive environment where they are m ore likely to retain information. But it also has some negatively psychological and social effects. These days many students are showing a decrease in usual emotion and affection due to their stable communication with lifeless cyber friends. Cyberspace can be a help out, but when used in the wrong behavior it can be very damaging to our physical and mental well-being. Virtual reality in fact minimizes the significance of our physical bodies and encourages people to misuse their time. It causes people to get lost from exact relations by focusing on the mind freezing effects of video games and online cyber world. In this generation, the Internet is so ingrained into our lives that life without the access of Internet is completely unimaginable. The use of the Internet offers a variety of benefits to every person in today’s world. Internet has a giant amount of information added on it every day and it’s developing as the most powerful source of information. Also, use of the Internet makes easier to find jobs in a minute. One can also buy and sell things on the Internet. Last, the Internet is one of the most important tools in educations seeing as it provides a massive amount of information and is the greatest source of reference for teachers and students. The Internet has influenced, and is still influencing the way culture communicates in a lot of different ways. The rise of the Internet has caused people to communicate differently in areas never dreamed of before the Internet came into existence. In the book, â€Å"The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains,† by Nicholas Carr argues that surfing the World Wide Web is causing the damage to your brain. This book has been expanded from the article, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid,† by the same writer Nicholas Carr. In this book, Carr describes how human thought has been changed through the centuries by â€Å"tools of the mind† – from the alphabet to maps, to the printing press, the clock, and the computer (Carr). This all tools are very useful in this 21st Century in getting directions, determining time and finding information on the computer through the Internet which is very faster and saves a lot of time. This all tools are easy and convenient in today’s life, but the effect of all this tools is that it is breaking the focus and the creativity of the human brain. Carr in the article, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid,† stated that one he was a scuba diver in the sea of words, but now he zips along the surface like a guy on a jet ski. This is nothing but the Internet, which, with its search engines, blogs, social network such as Twitter and Facebook, pornography and online games has chipped away the capacity for concentration and contemplation. I totally agree with Carr, that when we use the Internet, we totally enter into a different environment; we enter into the world which is not real, that leads us to quick reading and diverts our thinking and distracts our brain. Right now, you can take example of me, as I am writing this paper or whenever I find myself assigned with a research paper for class I get simply unfocused from looking up references online and manage to find myself on completely unrelated websites. The pop-ups and the advertisement usually get our mind diverted. Then after half an hour of researching I find myself on checking the emails, uploading status or new photos on Facebook or either playing games on the computer. Then I realize that I have wasted almost an hour doing nothing instead using the time sensibly. Yes, Internet is the main source of information, but is actually affecting our brains. Not only Internet, the smart phones, TVs, online video games and many other digital technologies also damage our brain. According to a survey published by Forrester Research, Americans are now spending a large amount of their time using the Internet than watching television, and the amount of time people spend on the Internet has increased 121 percent in excess of the last five years (Joshua). The amount of time spent on the Internet not only has been increased by the teenagers or adults, but also have been increased by up to six to eight hours a day among the people over 66 years. But the rapidly increase in the use of Internet has not affect a drop in television consumption for the reason that the Internet, and mostly the mobile Internet, cleanly creates additional facilities and opportunities for the nation to consume media. In today’s world, TV is still important, but the content where the people are getting from is changing. Nowadays, most of the people are getting the content from the use of the mobile Internet. Smartphone and tablets are a life changing to many users since it is so personal, in terms of how and how frequently the device is carried and how it is used to connect and to expand relationships. Smart phones went from being a luxury and became an everyday tool for students, employees and the businessmen. For a lot of us, communicating with friends and family used to mean writing letters and cards via mail and have to wait for weeks for the response. But now we communicate with each other through emails and text messages in a fraction of seconds. Now younger generations have forgotten how to write and spell a complete sentence due to rapid increase in text messaging. Teenagers are totally reliant on simple tenses and a limited use of vocabulary, and that to with the help of spell check. At the same time there is also a reduction in a personal face to face communication. Nowadays, people just text message their friends, chat online, do discussion on the blogs, and they even date online. Due to these changes; the people have mentally changed their communication skills. People don’t know that more and more use of the technologies gets addictive to them and changes the mental and physical shapes of the brain, and can lead to a decrease in the sense of self and human identity. Our neurological systems are actually being spoiled, and we are less able to process and remember information, even if we are continually reading, or surfing, online. The person who spends more of their time playing games and reading web pages are experiencing visual problems. Most people are clueless that how the cell phones affects their brain by the radiation. In J. D. Salinger’s â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, the main character of Holden Caulfield views the humankind as a place where the most human behaviors such as love, sympathy and kindness are all been overridden by the power of money and technology. Holden Caulfield is desperately holding to the concept that necessary human kindness is far more vital to a joyful way of life than material wealth and technology. Holden in the novel feels similar to a loner or a rebel in an environment where the people are dishonest and corrupted, and he is badly looking for someone to talk to that will make him happy. In the beginning of the story, Holden says, â€Å"As a matter of fact, I’m the only dumb one in the family† (David, p. 67). In the whole story, Holden describes himself as a failure and immature, and also has been told by his parents, friends, and teachers number of times but still, Holden every time hangs to his ideals and looks his failings as almost laughable. In the story, Holden is suffering from mental and emotional problems due to his attitudes and behavior. The only thing that can â€Å"cure† Holden, as stated in the story, is to get more and more interaction with the people around him. From the novel, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, possibly one can learn from the main character, â€Å"Holden Caulfield†, that in regards to corruption, wealth and the dream, foes not matter how expensive and attractive it is, but only the true pleasure and satisfaction can only be establish from within. Holden also oversimplifies the whole lot and in his view children are straightforward and innocent image of wholesome life compared to adults who are by now influenced by the accepted public way of life, which adjusts or fakes everyone’s realism. An individual in our society today feels that, they are separated from one another and has lost the interaction between people same way, as Holden in the novel, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†. †¢JOSHUA, BRUSTEIN. â€Å"American Internet Use Catches Up With TV Use. † (2010): Web. 2 May 2011. . †¢Ã¢â‚¬ INTERNET USAGE STATISTICS. † (2011): Web. May 2011. . †¢TOFFLER, ALVIN. Future shock. Bantam, 1984. 38. Print. †¢TOFFLER, ALVIN. Future shock. Bantam, 1984. 2. Print. †¢TOFFLER, ALVIN. Future shock. Bantam, 1984. 265. Print. †¢CARR, NICHOLAS. â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid? â€Å". Atlantic Magazine July/Aug 2008: Web. 2 May 2011. http://www. theatlantic. com/magazine/archive/2008/07/ is-google-making-us-stupid/6868/. †¢DAVID, JEROME. The Catcher in the Rye. Little, Brown and Company, 1951. 67. Print. †¢POWERS, RICHARD. Plowing the Dark. Picador USA, 2001. Print. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Secondlife. † Web. 2 May 2011. How to cite Realism in 21st Century, Papers

Maintenance Scorecard and Strategic Advantage †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Maintenance Scorecard and Strategic Advantage. Answer: Introduction In the current time of globalization and digital era, each and every type of organizations are facing a lot of business issues due to tight competition in the market, changes in the technology and globalization. These factors are forcing the business firms to adopt new methods, tools and technology in order to conduct the business functions successfully, gain competitive advantages and reduce costs. For example, Balanced score card is one of the most common and useful approach this is used by a company in order to improve business performance, reduce cost and compete in the market. This method improves all the business areas of a company and brings innovation and development within the current business process and systems (Blokdijk, 2008). Basically, this research would discuss the concepts, roles and significance of a balance score card approach in enhancing the overall performance of a company. Moreover, it would also discuss the key advantages and disadvantages of implementing a B SC approach at the workplace. Additionally, the implementation issues as well as implementation process of BSC would be discussed in order to fulfill the objectives of the paper. Finally, this research study recommends some strategies to overcome the challenges associated with the implementation of BSC. Basically, a BSC can be defined as innovative and strategic management system/tools that help the business firms in attaining their core and strategic objectives effectively. In addition to this, BSC is also play a lot of significant role in the overall success and growth of a company. For example, this BSC is allows a company to analyze their internal and external business environment and identify negative factors those are affecting the total success of the company. Moreover, a BSC is also guides the business firms that they should understand their business operations, functions and success from the four major perspectives such as: Financial, Customer/Stakeholder, Internal Process and Organizational Capacity (Smith, 2010). Along with this, it should also be noted down that, this management tool is provides strategic direction to a company in order to improve the current and future business performance. For example, it provides opportunities to the companies to reduce intangible uncertainties. Moreover, it is also analyzed that, BSC is important for each and every types of business firms in order to attain competitive scope. For case, BSC can be used as a business framework by a company or its management not only to improve organizational performance but also track and manage different business and operational policies, strategies and method. Along with this, it is also important to know that, with the effective use of BSC, a company could be able to analyze and access various internal functions in an innovative manner that is important to improve organizational performance (Burney and Paul, 2008). Effectiveness of Balance Score Card It is true that, a balance score card is more effective, valuable and significant tool for the business firms that bring innovation within the internal environment of a company. In addition to this, with the help of BSC, a company can not only attain competitive advantages but also introduce various business strategies, methods and innovative operating process. This tool is also allows the companies to monitor organizational performance through the different views and introduce new objectives by monitoring existing. For example, all these measures provide a fast and comprehensive view to the top management of the company about the organizations current performance (Wisner, 2011). It also includes both results and process. Additionally, BSC assists the companies to focus on the strategic agenda and bring innovation within the current business process, strategies and operations. On the other hand, it is also important to know that, a BSC is also more effective tool because it indicates overall performance of each and every business unit and department separately and successfully. By collecting this information, the management of the company could develop balance among the long and short term actions and objectives. At the same time, a balance score card is also bring innovation, accountability, creditability, flexibility within the business process and operational methods. Hence, it can be said that, a BSC is more important, effective and significant to attain the strategic vision, mission and objectives of a company (Withee, 2010). In the current time, a balance score card approach is used as a management accounting technique by the business firms in order to conduct and perform the functions related the management accounting. For example, business firms are using this as a management accounting method in order to support different management functions such as: Translating the Vision, Business Planning, Communicating Linking and Feedback and Learning. For example, with the help of BSC, a company can create and develop accounting strategies and method that could be used to bring innovation and improvements in the management accounting transactions (Rampersad, 2006). Moreover, a company could make long and short term plan by considering and using the applications of BSC. For example, it allows the accountants to make different types of budget for the total success. In addition to this, business firms can make plans for the future by accessing the different areas of business. Along with this, it is also provide d ifferent significant opportunities to the firms to utilize capital resources effectively and properly (Chai, 2009). Implementation and other Issues of Balance Score Card It is analyzed that, when a company execute and implement a balance score card approach within the organization, several types of implementation and other issues are faced that negatively affect the success of the company in the current and future. For example, taking decision regarding the use of BSC is challenging and complicated decision because it may affect the employees and companys performance directly or indirectly. In addition to this, implementation of a BSC is also require great efforts, more time and high cost that negatively influence the profitability and market share of the company. For example, if a company has decided to implement BSC at the workplace, it has to invest billions of dollars in the expectation and implementation of BSC. So, it would be more costly and time consuming decision (Demirkan, Spohrer and Krishna, 2011). At the same time, a company may also face the issues related to lack of Efficient Data Collection Reporting, security, cyber crime and others. Additionally, employee Resistance and Incomplete Information related issues could be faced by the company. For example, the new system would bring a direct change not only in the business process and strategies but also change in the attitude and behavior of employees. This may create confusion, miscommunication and de-motivation among the different level of managers or employees. Moreover, the implementation process would also require financial support from the company, management support for the decision, and too much internet focus. Additionally, the company would also have to hire specific people with specific knowledge to understand the balance score card within the company and this would directly increase the costs for the company. At the same time, several issues may also be encountered by the company due to the implementation of BSC s uch as: lack of communication, planning, coordination, proper support, lack of IT team, lack of knowledge etc (Friedrichs, 2011). Implementing balance Score Card Appropriate Timeline Required The implementation process is more challenging task for the companies because they have to consider several factors before the execution in the company. Moreover, several techniques, methods and ways are also used to develop and implement a balance score card. The following are the key and major steps that should be followed in order to effectively and successfully implement the balance scorecard (Niven, 2011). Assessing the mission, vision, objectives and goal of the organization: As per this step, first the organizational vision, mission, goals, objectives should be defined and explained effectively. This would help the company in creating a picture of the future that company wants to create (Mather, 2005). Defining the Business Strategy: In the next step, a company would needs to create a business strategy for the BSC. This strategy would allow the company to address the major challenges associate with the BSC and provide possible methods to address such issues more effectively. For example, the company would also need to address the current issues that have impact on the success of the company. Moreover, the management would have to identify the major causes behind the business challenges and have to adopt methods to deal with these. This step would also required to use various methods and techniques such as: SWOT, gap analysis, risk assessment, etc (Grembergen, 2004). Concentrate on Client Necessity: According to this step, the management of the company should use a specific strategy in order to analyze the issues as per the needs of customers. It would help the company in creating the value, costs, and quality of the items. Focusing on Internal business process: In this step, a company should effectively focus on internal business and adjust the goals/objectives and tasks with the strategic plan of the company. In the same way, a company should adopt specific practices, activities and exercises. Strategy Map: In this stage, the top management of the company would use strategic mapping in order to evaluate that how the strategic plan would help the company in attaining organizational objectives. Additionally, the management would also create strategy, makes plan and develop specific strategy to attain the organizational objectives (Khosrowpour, 2006). Assigning initiatives and implementing process: In this step of BSC, the company and its top management should provide strategic guidelines to their organizational people or employees about their tasks, functions, roles and responsibilities. It means the management would have to develop a clear understanding about the roles, significance and importance of BSC. This would help the company to make the process more effective and successful (Wrembel and Koncilia, 2007). Cascade the scorecard: It is the step by which the company would require to adopt and use different strategies, tools and procedures towards the organizational objectives. Moreover, both internal and external environment would be access to attain the key objectives. Evaluate the scorecard and the process: In this step the company would adopt all the four key areas to measure and tract the performance of the organizations. This step would also allows the company to identify the major factors that were affecting the success of the company in the market (Murby, and Gould, 2005). Conclusion On the basis of above discussion, it can be concluded and recommended that, it is important and essential for the management of company to create and develop specific methods in order to effectively and successfully execute the Balance score card within the company. Moreover, it is also important to link BSC with the organizational business operations and functions. On the other hand, the management or company should also arrange the training and development programs so that the employees could be able to understand the advantages of BSC. At the same time, the management should also try to develop relationships, and trust with their employees in order to avoid future challenges (Kanji, 2012). Moreover, the company should also consider and involve their employees and staff in the decision making process in order to improve understanding about the new system within the company. Along with this, a company as well as its management must also consider all the factors related to BSC before implementing the new system. For example, the company should consider the cost, time and impact of BSC. It means they should take ideas about the implementation cost of BSC. Hence, all these strategies should be used in order to avoid the implementation issues effectively (Mather, 2005). References Blokdijk, G. (2008). Balanced Scorecard 100 Success Secrets, 100 Most Asked Questions on Approach, Development, Management, Measures, Performance and Strategy. USA: Lulu.com. Burney, L. and Paul, A. (2008). Financial Services Corporation: Implementing an HR balanced scorecard. IMA Educational Case Journal, 1(2), pp.1-10. Chai, N. (2009). Sustainability Performance Evaluation System in Government: A Balanced Scorecard Approach Towards Sustainable Development. USA: Springer. Demirkan, H., Spohrer, J.C. and Krishna, V. (2011). Service Systems Implementation. USA: Springer. Friedrichs, C. (2011). An analysis how the Balanced Score Card approach could enhance the personal contentedness considering the change in the society from a Work/Life balance to a multi-duty-life of individuals in consulting companies in Germany. USA: Diplomarbeiten Agentur. Grembergen, W.V. (2004). Strategies for Information Technology Governance. UK: Idea Group Inc (IGI). Kanji, G.K. (2012). Measuring Business Excellence. UK: Routledge. Khosrowpour, M. (2006). Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management: 2006 Information Resources Management Association International Conference, Washington, DC, USA, May 21-24, 2006. UK: Idea Group Inc (IGI). Mather, D. (2005). The Maintenance Scorecard: Creating Strategic Advantage. USA: Industrial Press Inc. Murby, L. and Gould, S. (2005). Effective Performance Management with the Balanced Scorecard: Technical Report. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. Retrieved from: https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/Tech_rept_Effective_Performan gt_with_Balanced_Scd_July_2005.pdf Niven, P.R. (2011). Balanced Scorecard: Step-by-Step for Government and Nonprofit Agencies (2nd ed.). Canada: John Wiley Sons. Rampersad, H.K. (2006). Personal Balanced Scorecard: The Way to Individual Happiness, Personal Integrity, and Organizational Effectiveness. USA: IAP. Smith, R.F. (2010). Business Process Management and the Balanced Scorecard: Using Processes as Strategic Drivers. Canada: John Wiley Sons. Wisner, J.D. (2011). Principles of Supply Chain Management: A Balanced Approach. USA: Cengage Learning. Withee, K. (2010). Microsoft Business Intelligence For Dummies. USA: John Wiley Sons. Wrembel, R. and Koncilia, C. (2007). Data Warehouses And OLAP: Concepts, ArchitecturesAnd Solutions. UK: Idea Group Inc (IGI).

Socrates Moral Obligation To Civil Law

The following is the hypothetical conversation on the subject of one’s moral obligation to a civil law, which could have had taken place between Socrates and Protagoras (sophist philosopher).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates: Moral Obligation To Civil Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the course of this conversation, Socrates was able to prove to Protagoras that the notion of one’s moral obligation to a civil law is indeed fully objective. The conversation was concerned with the discussion of contemporary socio-political issues. Protagoras: Dear Socrates, I am not entirely convinced that people should consider themselves being morally compelled to seek into attuning their act with the conventions of a civil law. The reason for this is simple – as you, I am sure, is being well aware of; morality itself never ceases to remain the subject of a constant transformation. As human societies advance, in social, scientific and cultural senses of this word, the morality of these societies’ members never ceases to attain qualitatively new characteristics (Foucault 101). Therefore, it would only be logical to assume that there are no good reasons to believe that, as time goes on, the concept of one’s moral obligation to a civil law will continue to be perceived as being thoroughly objective. Socrates: I do not deny the fact that, as time goes one, people’s code of behavioral ethics undergoes a qualitative transformation. Nevertheless, you should agree that the earlier mentioned transformation results in people growing ever more open-minded and tolerant. For example; whereas, as recent as hundred years ago, the majority of citizens in Western countries thought of the concept of ‘civil marriage’ as such that implied ‘sinfulness’, it is no longer the case nowadays. After all, it now became a commonplace practice among We stern men and women to enter into relationships, without having to get married (Cherlin 848). Do not you agree?Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Protagoras: Yes, I agree. This, however, only proves the validity of what I was saying earlier – as time goes on; the conventions of traditional morality become increasingly outdated. In its turn, this should lead us to a conclusion that the notion of one’s moral obligation to a civil law can no longer be thought of as representing an undeniable truth-value. After all, it may very well be the case that tomorrow, people’s newly adopted moral predispositions will prompt them to consider one’s willingness to adhere to the conventions of a civil law as being essentially ‘immoral’ – certainly, not an improbable scenario. Socrates: Your argument, in this respect, cannot be considered fully legitimate. The reason for this is simple – while stating that people’s morality undergoes a continuous transformation, you failed at pointing out to what represents such transformation’s qualitative effects. As I mentioned earlier, there is an undeniable tendency for Western societies to grow ever more tolerant. Given the fact that you admitted that my line of argumentation, in this respect, is being fully legitimate, you will have to agree that the subtleties of morality’s transformation are being dialectically predetermined. To put it plainly – it is quite possible to predict the spatial essence of morality’s continuous alteration. Protagoras: I guess I will have to agree. Still, I do not quite understand how what you have just said relates to what it being discussed. Socrates: What I have said points out to the fact that Western societies become increasingly secular (civil). Therefore, it would only be natural to think that the essence of earlier m entioned morality’s transformation is being fully consistent with the process of societies’ secularization (Dobbelaere 167).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates: Moral Obligation To Civil Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, this secularization appears to be driven by people’s realization of the fact that there is nothing wrong with the disposal of clearly outdated moral dogmas. Protagoras: Yes, this is exactly what I was trying to say. Socrates: Then, you would have to also agree that, even though the process of morality’s transformation does affect a variety of legal conventions, it nevertheless does not undermine Western law from within, as a whole. Otherwise, the process of people becoming ever more open-minded and less concerned with professing the traditional values should have resulted in Western societies being plunged into the state of anarchy. Yet, this is not being the case, is it? Protagoras: I will have to agree with you on that. Even though that, as time goes on, more and more people tend to reconsider the validity of clearly outdated moral conventions, such their tendency does not seem to affect the qualitative aspects of Western societies’ functioning. Socrates: This is because, contrary to what you were implying, the continuous transformation of a number of ethics-related traditional conventions does not result in undermining morality’s validity, as ‘thing in itself’. It is important to understand that; whereas, in the past, the notion of morality used to be perceived as something closely associated with the notion of religion, it nowadays is being increasingly looked upon as something that originates out of an impersonal civil law.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Protagoras: It is actually beginning to dawn upon me what you are trying to say. Evidently enough, you are implying that the notion of morality is being essentially synonymous to the notion of a civil/secular law, as the solemn ‘authority’ that regulates socio-political dynamics within a particular society. Socrates: Yes, you are right. Just consider the case of Muslim countries in the Third World. The majority of these countries’ citizens never cease taking pride in their strong adherence to the dogmas of Islamic morality. Moreover, even upon having immigrated to Western countries, these people continue to profess the ideals of ‘traditional living’, while bashing native-born Westerners on the account of their ‘materialism’, ‘consumerism’ and ‘non-spirituality’. This, however, does not prevent Muslim immigrants from acting as primeval barbarians, upon being exposed to the ideas that do not quite match their own (Banu 2408). I am sure, you must have heard of incidents of street-violence, instigated by the publishing of caricatures on Islamic ‘prophet’ Mohamed in Western newspapers? Protagoras: Yes, I have heard of it. The representatives of Muslim communities in Western countries used to hold mass-rallies, while protesting these caricatures’ publishing, as utterly inappropriate. As far as I remember, these protests were quite violent. Many innocent bystanders sustained physical injuries, simply because they were unfortunate enough to find themselves in close proximity to the raging crowds of Muslim immigrants. Socrates: That is correct. As the context of your latest remark implies, you do consider Muslims’ behavior, in this respect, highly inappropriate? Protagoras: Yes, of course. After all, they were not forced to immigrate to Western countries. If they do not like the ideals of Western secular living, they should simply pack up and leave to where they came from , so that nothing would prevent them from being able to celebrate their religion, in time free from indulging in tribal wars and making babies on an industrial scale. Socrates: Did it occur to you that what you have just said points out to the fact that you think of Muslims’ socially inappropriate behavior as being essentially immoral? Protagoras: I think so. Apparently, these people are being utterly intolerant to other people’s opinions. Socrates: What do you think makes them being intolerant to the extent that many of them are willing to go as far as killing their opponents? Protagoras: I think, they are being little too devoted to their religion. Socrates: Exactly! These people are simply being intellectually primitive, which in turn prompts them to act in a manner if they were absolutely unaffected by the provisions of Western secular law. They think this law has nothing to do with them, as it is only their ‘holy book’ Quran, which they consider to co ntain the only valid instructions as to how they ought to address life’s challenges (Baig 61). Do you agree now that one’s failure to observe the provisions of a civil law is being essentially immoral, as it leads to violence and chaos? Protagoras: I think you have made a good point there. Still, I am not entirely sure that the notion of ‘one’s moral obligation to civil law’ is being fully tangible, simply because there can be no instrument for defining and measuring such obligation’s objective emanations. I guess you are being aware of the fact that the concept of a civil law is based upon the premise that ‘whatever is not forbidden is permitted’. This creates a certain paradox – after all, one might very well go about proving its adherence to the provisions of a civil law by indulging in morally repugnant behavior, since such type of behavior is not being strictly forbidden. Socrates: Actually, the point you have just ma de is being explored throughout the movie Larry Flynt vs. People. Movie’s main character – the publisher of Hustler Magazine Larry Flynt, simply strived to run his business, concerned with selling pornography. This, however, did cost him dearly, as during the course of seventies; America’s Bible-thumpers were still utterly influential. This was exactly the reason why Larry Flynt never ceased being sued on the account of his business’s ‘moral inappropriateness’. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court’s final ruling, in regards to the case of Larry Flynt vs. Jerry Falwell (Christian preacher), left no doubt as to the fact that by promoting pornography, Flynt has in fact been promoting democratic/civil values (Butterbaugh 15). This shows that, regardless of how strongly immoral one’s behavior may appear, for as long as such a behavior contributes to the strengthening of a civil law, as the only legitimate societal authority, this individu al should be considered an outstanding citizen. Protagoras: In other words, there is a possibility for seemingly immoral individuals to be considered as such that experience an innate obligation to promote the provisions of a civil law? Socrates: Yes, there is. It is important to understand that, unlike what it happened to be the case with people’s most commonly irrational morality-related convictions, the morality advanced by a civil law is fully rational, which in turn means that it is being fully objective. The reason for this is apparent – it is namely the countries where civil law enjoys the status of an undisputed authority, which feature world’s highest standards of living. Why is it? This is because it is only in intellectually liberated secular societies, where an impersonal civil law is being equally applied to societies’ members, regardless of what happened to be the particulars of their racial, cultural of religious uniqueness, where the conti nuation of a scientific, cultural and social progress is possible, in the first place. In its turn, this progress creates objective preconditions for the people to be able to enjoy a nice living. After all, as I mentioned earlier, it is specifically ‘godless’, ‘immoral’ and ‘consumerist’ Western societies that serve as a magnet for the hordes of highly ‘spiritual’ and ‘culturally rich’ but intellectually backward immigrants from the Third World, and not the vice versa. Therefore, one’s willingness to observe the provisions of a civil law should indeed be considered the foremost indication of him of her being a moral individual. Protagoras: I guess, I have no option but to agree with you. It just dawned upon that, even though the conventional morality does in fact undergo the process of a continuous transformation, the very purpose of this process is make people’s moral judgments to be fully correlative wi th the provisions of a civil/secular law. Therefore, if there were an instrument for measuring the extent of people’s endowment with socially beneficial morals, it would be the observation of how comfortable they are with the implications of a civil law. Socrates: That is correct. Allow me to conclude this conversation by reinstating once again that there is not only a moral obligation for the people to act in accordance with the provisions of a civil law, but there is also an obligation for them to actively strive to resist just about anything that might undermine such law’s implicational integrity. Protagoras: Thank you for your time. I did find this conversation truly enlightening. Bibliography: Baig B. G. â€Å"Islamic Fundamentalism.† Social Scientist 9.1 (1980): 58-65. Print. Banu, Zainab. â€Å"Immigrant Groups as a Factor in Communal Riots.† Economic  and Political Weekly 29.37 (1994): 2408-2411. Print. Butterbaugh, Laura. â€Å"Is This Freedom ?† Off Our Backs 27.4 (1997): 15-18. Print. Cherlin, Andrew. â€Å"The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage.† Journal of  Marriage and Family 66.4 (2004): 848-861. Print. Dobbelaere, Karel. Secularization: An Analysis at Three Levels. Berlin: Peter  Lang, 2004. Print. Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. New York: Pantheon, 1978. Print. This essay on Socrates: Moral Obligation To Civil Law was written and submitted by user Aubrianna Mccarthy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Death Race Cast Interview Essays

Death Race Cast Interview Essays Death Race Cast Interview Paper Death Race Cast Interview Paper Death Race Analysis Commentary The film Death Race was launched in 2008 and was directed by Paul W. S. Anderson, with the stars being Jason Statham and Tyrese Gibson. The plot of the film is set partly in the busy streets of America and mostly at the Terminal Island penitentiary where the prisoners are the main characters. The gladiator game, Death Race consists of drivers who fight for their freedom on the track. Jensen Ames (Jason Statham), a former NASCAR driver, is framed for murdering his wife and jailed at Terminal Island to make the race lively and increasing ratings. Together with Machine Gun Joe (Tyrese Gibson), they hatch a plot to escape the prison in the middle of the final race. The movie culminates in the death of the warden in a bomb blast and the in the final scene, Jensen Ames and Machine Gun Joe reunite in Mexico. The film is very interesting and action-packed. How much time did you use in perfecting your roles as convicts and drivers? Jason Statham: I am particularly interested in cars, especially German made automobiles. Every vehicle that I own is German. The selection of the Mustang for Death Race came as a surprise for me but then again, driving is driving so I was comfortable with it. Therefore, the driving part was rather easy for me. As for taking on the role of a convict, it was slightly more difficult, and I had to prepare myself mentally. Tyrese Gibson: The driving experience was the most in the Death Race set as I was not that used to high-speed racing but I managed to handle it well enough. The convict role was rather easy for me; I have played several roles, as an inmate so I understood what was required (Berardinelli, 2008). Death Race had many frightening scenes involving car stunts, fistfights and near-death conflicts. Tell us some of your memorable moments in the film shooting. Jason Statham: The car stunts involved breathtaking 360 turns that was quite difficult to achieve while shooting fellow drivers. At one time, I was driving at about 160 km/h that was extremely daring and required my full concentration. Racing and fighting other people was also a new and exciting memory for me. Tyrese Gibson: The driving experience was a rather hair-raising experience. I had many moments when fellow drivers gave me a fright, when they shot at my Dodge ram, but I eventually got used to it. Jason Statham was excellent in his command of the vehicle so all I had to do was follow his lead. The combination of driving and combat was very exciting (Ebert, 2008). Are there any actors or producers on and off the set that you would like to work with again in the near future? Jason Statham: Tyrese Gibson is definitely at the top of my list of people in Death Race that I would consider for another action film. Hiss aggression and determination convinced me to improve my own acting skills and together, we were a terrific team. I also look forward to working with upcoming directors such as Michael Mann and Scorsese. Tyrese Gibson: Statham, Tom Cruise and Stallone are just some of the people I would look up when I need to grow my acting career. My previous experience with action movies has reinforced my belief that I can fit in the field without many problems (Borys, 2007). Did you undergo any training programs that were related to the shooting of Death Race? Jason Statham: Yes. We were subjected to physical training sessions by Logan Hood, an extremely intense ex-Navy trainer. We went through body weight distribution, push-ups and squats to get us physically ready for the shoot. We were also kept on a strict vegetarian diet that consisted of a lot of proteins and fruits. Tyrese Gibson: The movie set had a training program that left me very fit and ready to take on physical scenes. I used to wake up at 5am to go for gym sessions and then later on prepare for the film. The stunts in the movie were easy to execute, although I must say I had one or two bruises, but no major injuries were recorded in the whole set. Do you feel that acting is the best career for you currently? Jason Statham: Most definitely. I have always wanted to do many things behind the camera ever since I was in college. Of course, I did not attend drama school and my acting career started all of sudden when Guy Ritchie gave me a part so I must say I was at the right place at the right time. However, I have come to learn how to be a good actor, and it is that and God that keeps me vigilant and aware of the changes in the industry (Koehler, 2008). Tyrese Gibson: I had always wanted to get on television and feature in a movie. I had acted a couple of times, but the Death Race experience was very new to me. I consider myself a very competent actor as I have taken various roles and performed them satisfactorily. I have been acting for many years now, and I can say that it has been the best time of my life so I think that it is my career at currently (Tinneny, 2008). Lastly, do you have any plans concerning the release of any films that we might look out for in the near future? Jason Statham: Yes, I have Crank 2 that I just finished shooting last week so viewers should look out for that. Tyrese Gibson: I have some minor roles to play in a few movies alongside some other major artists but for now, I am planning to work on my music and release an album. Thank you. References Berardinelli J. (2008) Death Race. Retrieved from reelviews.net Borys Kit (2007). â€Å"Statham in ‘Death Race’ driver’s seat†. Retrieved from hollywoodreporter.com Ebert R. (2008). Death Race. Retrieved from http://rogerebert.suntimes.com Koehler R. (2008). Death Race. Retrieved from variety.com Lee N. (2008) Death Race. Retrieved from http://movies.nytimes.com Tinneny T. (2008). â€Å"Death Race: The Set Visit!† Retrieved from comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php

The ABCs (and Ds and Es) of Plot Development

The ABCs (and Ds and Es) of Plot Development The ABCs (and Ds and Es) of Plot Development The ABCs (and Ds and Es) of Plot Development By Mark Nichol Plot develops out of conflict, either external, such as a person or an event that precipitates a series of actions the main character undertakes, or internal, driven by the protagonist’s wants and/or needs. How that character, and others, makes choices and otherwise responds to stimuli determines the course of events. The traditional structure of a plot is linear, in which the protagonist’s actions are charted in a more or less straight line, although many stories shift from that person’s point of view to that of one or more other characters as the tale progresses. Others involve one or more flashbacks, introducing new elements to the overarching plot or by explaining elements that appeared in previous acts (known as Chekhov’s Gun). In one sense, there are innumerable stories; looking at storytelling another way, various analysts have discovered variable finite numbers of basic plots (such as the quest, which is ubiquitous in all genres), though these types have a seemingly infinite number of variations, as a visit to any large bookstore or library will attest. But stories almost invariably follow a simple pattern, in which rising action propels the protagonist through a series of complications that result in a climax, followed by the falling action of the resolution. At this point, the character, or at least the character’s circumstances, have changed, though most readers (and writers) find it most satisfying if the character has experienced significant growth or change and has accomplished a palpable goal, such as a physical journey that has allowed the character to achieve some reward, or an intangible goal that still satisfies the reader’s desire for the protagonist to undergo a metamorphosis of some kind. Writer Annie Lamott created a helpful mnemonic catechism, ABCDE, to help writers remember the basics. Here are the elements: Action: Set the scene with an event that launches the series of events that constitutes a story. This scene should happen as early as possible, and though writers renowned and obscure alike have broken this rule with some degree of success, observe it unless you have an outstanding reason not to. Background: Context is essential to settle your readers into the story, though, as indicated above, it usually follows initiating action. Pay it out parsimoniously, however, and don’t let your reader get ahead of your protagonist, or you’ll likely release the dramatic tension prematurely. Conflict: Such tension is produced by your protagonist’s impetus to achieve a goal. That goal should be specific, and, for the story to be compelling, it should be something the character can’t live without. To be even more so, it shouldn’t be easy for the character to satisfy that desire. The tension is produced by desire, but it is sustained by obstacles to attainment of that desire. Development: This element constitutes the bulk of the plot; it is the journey, and all the events and incidents along the way. These happenings should bring the protagonist ever closer to resolution of the conflict, and they should steadily escalate in import and impact to heighten the suspense and keep the reader engaged in the story. End: The final step is further subdivided into a mnemonic trio: The crisis is the stage at which the protagonist must decide how to resolve the conflict, the climax is the tipping point at which the conflict is resolved, and the consequences consist of the state of affairs that exists after the crisis and the climax has the main character changed, or has the main character changed the world in some way? What is the outcome of all that has come before? This stage in a story, also called the denouement, is the final, necessary release of dramatic tension. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?Letter Writing 101

How the Black Panthers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How the Black Panthers - Essay Example The street gangs of the 1960’s were the result of the frustration of black youngsters against whites, who did not welcome them in their neighborhoods. The BPP called upon the black youth to rise in self defense and proclaimed the U.S. government as its enemy. Gangs have been a part of the culture of America ever since the 1800’s but the street gang subculture is constantly evolving, so as to conform to prevailing conditions. The leaders of one of these small street gangs, the Slausons, founded the Los Angeles arm of the Black Panther Party (BPP). Soon the rowdy gang culture was being shaped into an overtly political agenda. In 1969, Carter and Huggins, the leaders of the Los Angeles BPP were killed in a gun battle on the UCLA campus during a face-off with members of the United Slaves, a rival gang. These murders triggered a massive FBI retaliation, which led to the disbanding of the BPP. With the BPP no longer in existence, black youth scoured for newer gangs, and at this point Raymond Washington rallied them together under the banner, Baby Avenues or Baby Cribs. With time, the Cribs evolved into Crips in the local vernacular. Washington recruited a large number of members into his gang and in 1971, formed the Westside Crips by me rging his rival Tookie’s gang with his own. The name Crips stands for â€Å"Continuous Revolution in Progress† and this gang had the fearlessness of the Panthers, combined with their rebellious attitude (Davis, Mike; City of Quartz, PP.293-300). Members of Crips gang identify themselves by wearing blue bandanas. When the Crips began to expand, it led to conflicts with other gangs and during a summer conflict in 1972, between the Crips and Pirus gang, the Crips won. The Pirus and other small gangs of the area came together to form a separate organization called the Bloods, and began to sport red bandanas. Just like the BPP, these gangs were formed to protect black people

Nature of Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nature of Thought - Essay Example This different level of ability further leads towards intelligence and creativity. Responding to the objects in nature and events happening is a phenomenon that is necessary to continue the survival. Every human being is granted with five basic senses to feel and respond accordingly to all the situations that happen in the environment. Anything, which is felt by a human being, is sent to the human mind by the five senses. There are two kinds of senses which are generally taken in the discussion. External senses are five basic senses (vision: eyes, hearing: ears, smell: nose, touch: skin, taste: tongue) whereas internal sense is based upon intuition and is not considered in objective approach rather it is a subjective one about which we cannot give a concrete view (McCosh, 1882). To precede the above discussion towards subjective perspective, let’s get an idea about memory. Memory is derived from a Latin word â€Å"Memoria† with literary meaning of retaining something in mind. It is about storing the events in mid which had been experienced in past with an individual. Woodworth describes the memory as it helps remembering the past learning (Mangal, 2007). Memory of a human being is consisted of three parts i.e., sensory storage, short term memory and long term memory. As far as the discussion of memory continues, it is specified that memory is somewhat as a collection of past. It only helps to retain the archives of the past. It merely does not help to explore or dig it out for future usage. Although memory can be shared but the way it is shared uses medium to recall the memories that have been saved in human being. The concept of conscious and subconscious is also depicted over here. We can say that memory is a set of records but it cannot recall the past experiences. It is medium which digs the memories out and makes us remember at different times. To come up towards the extract of the further

Samoa Islands Essay Example for Free

Samoa Islands Essay Samoa is a group of islands located in the south pacific, approximately halfway between New Zealand and Hawaii. It consists of two main islands, Upolu and Savaii. Samoa is well-known for its natural beauty and landscape. Samoa is very much a tourist destination. Tourists are attracted to the strong commitment to sport, Samoan cuisine, Samoan lifestyle, natural attractions, and traditional aspects such as tattooing and ceremonial occasions. Although, on the contrary, Samoa has big disadvantages for being located in the pacific region as natural disasters are a reoccurrence in its history. The most recent being the 2009 Tsunami, killing approximately 200 people. The Samoan reputation has also recently become corrupted because of unsettling between Samoans and Tongans. Although this is news to Australians, this conflict between Samoa and Tonga has a long history behind it. Religion Samoa is mostly a Christian country. The law is very much based on Christian ethics and churches are located in every village. The most common denominations are EFKS, Mormonism, Catholicism and Assembly of God. Only recently are modern churches such as Pentecostal Christian churches and even Muslim. Religion is very much apart of Samoan culture, and practiced within the family unit. Sport Samoans enjoy lots of sports, for example popular sports include volley ball, touch footy, cricket and rugby union. Samoans have had teams compete in the Commonwealth Games; they have won gold medals for weightlifting and bronze medal in athletics. Samoans also have a successful national rugby team, Manu Samoa, who won the Rugby Sevens last year. Tattoos The traditional Samoan tattooing is called the pe’a, the body tattoo. Originally, the pe’a was only tattooed on those Samoans with a ‘matai’ title, which is a chief role where they are named representatives of their families or villages. So the ‘matai’ title was traditionally extremely respected within the Samoan culture.

Criminal Behavior Essay -- Biology, Ellis and Walsh

Many scholars have attempted to explain criminal behaviour by identifying a genetic trait or other biological causes or indicator for criminality (Cullen and Agnew, 2011). Ellis and Walsh (2011) argue that while there is not a single â€Å"criminal behaviour† genetic trait, there are genetic trait that are associated with crime. They further suggest that these traits might provide evolutionary advantages to their holders in some circumstances. For example, traits such as deception and cheating would likely be evolutionary advantageous to maximizing a male's reproductive capabilities. Ellis and Walsh suggest that these traits might be genetically inherited. This theory of genetic influence does not however suggest that behaviours are genetically determined. Behaviours are still assumed to be learned, with specific genetic traits influencing this process (Ellis and Walsh, 2011).Rowe (2011) suggests a similarly biologically driven theory. He argues that through their impact upo n the central and autonomic nervous systems, genetic traits and biological harms can influence personality traits including those which are associated with criminality. In support of this notion are studies that have linked levels of testosterone and aggressiveness, low heart rate and criminality, weak skin conductance and criminality, as well as brain damage and lack of moral judgement (Rowe, 2011).Caspi, et al. (2011) present the theory that there are three super-traits which have various relationships with crime. The three super-traits they discuss are constraint, negative emotionality and positive emotionality. They note that the constraint and negative emotionality super-traits are related to self-control and with it criminality. This suggests that some indi... ...larly intimates. Both the methods and attributes associated with the crime are suggested to be learned. Learning of criminal and anti-criminal behaviour is thought to be similar to learning of other behaviours and attitudes in which the learner assimilates into the culture they are surrounded by (Sutherland and Cressey, 2011). This theory is similar to the Shaw and Mckay's explanation for criminality, but also ventures into the methods by which the attitudes are actually developed. Anderson's description of a culture of violence, that establishes a â€Å"code of the street† provides a vivid example of both the environmental conditions described by Shaw and Sutherland and Cressey as well as the learning processes described by Sutherland and Cressey. These clearly environmental and learned factors somewhat weaken the arguments of biological causes presented earlier..

Hate Crimes and the Homosexual Community Essay

Abstract In this paper I am talking about Hate crimes against the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community. I show that though Hate crimes are classified as crimes that are evoked by sexual orientation, race, identity, gender, or religion. Hate crimes are more common amongst the gay and transgender men. I show states with highest conviction rate in 2012. I also show the upward incline in numbers since 2005 until now. I offer explanations as to who commits these crimes and why. Lastly I show the progression of time and how prejudice and hate crimes although upward in numbers are really being accepted in our communities. Hate crimes and the Homosexual community After the Civil war the Government passed the first Hate crime Law in America. Recently, in 2009 sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, and disability were added to the categories covered by the law. According to ( Stotzer,2012) these crimes are more common among homosexual men and the transgendered community, because most hate crimes are committed by heterosexual men. Even though lesbian women are victims of hate crimes, statistics show that hate crimes are more common among homosexual men and the transgendered community, because heterosexual men commit most hate crimes (Stotzer, 2012). Studies also find that twenty in 200,000 lesbians, gay men and bisexuals reported being victims of hate crimes. 52 in 200,000 gay men reported being victims of hate crimes. Yet only twenty in 200,000 reported being victims of hate crimes. Hate Crimes against Homosexual and Transgendered â€Å"There were 15,351 anti-homosexual hate crime offenses during 2002-2011†. (Potok, 2012, para. #). According to the (Intelligence Report, winter 2010, Issue Number: 140. The numbers show that gay men are two times more likely  to suffer a violent hate crime attack than Jews. Gays are 3 times more likely to be attacked than blacks, and five times more likely than Muslims. FBI reports say that hate crimes against gay men have been on the rise since 2005. Violent hate crimes against LGBT people grew by 48 percent from 2005 until 2011. In 2010 Census.gov shows that half of all hate crimes were based on sexual orientation bias (Census.Gov, 2010). In 2011 reports show that there were 26 transgendered murders reported in the USA alone. In 2010 the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey in USA found that approximately 75% of sexual-orientation related hate crimes were of a violent nature.(Stozer, 2010) Physiological Research on Straight Men Who Kill or Physically Harm Homosexuals Mison (year) states that â€Å"[a] murderous personal reaction toward gay men should be considered an irrational and idiosyncratic characteristic of the defendant and should not be allowed to bolster the alleged reasonableness of the defendant’s act†(Dressler, 1995, p.4). Helena L. Alden and Karen F. Parker also state â€Å"that homophobia and gender stratification directly influences the incidents of hate crime victimization† (Alden, Parker, 2004). People who commit hate crimes are not limited to but mostly are Caucasian lower-class men who commit the crimes for fun or simply in resentment toward a certain group (Comstock 1991: 60-62; McDevitt and Levin 1993). Studies say that most men who commit these crimes have no physiological defects or problems. This means that these men are committing these hate crimes knowing exactly what they are doing. These studies ultimately prove that the victim is not at fault for the attack. These crimes are being committed out of sheer hate, hence the name â€Å"Hate crimes†. Examples of Hate Crimes against Homosexuals Matthew Shepard In 1998 the sad and horrifying murder of Matthew Shepard woke people up to just how serious hate crimes are getting. Matthew Shepard was only 21 years old. He was first robbed, then beaten within inches of his life and left for dead by two men. The two men told shepherd they were Homosexual and wanted to hang out with him. Matthew went with them and was led to a desert where he was beat to death. They did not charge the men with a hate crime;  therefore it kept them from receiving the maximum punishment. Following the attention and emotion evoked by Matthew Shepard’s death People’s eyes begin to open, both in the public and in the political office. 11 years after Matthew’s murder Obama passed an act to include sexual orientation, identity and gender. In honor of Mathew this act was named after him and James Byrd Jr. The Act is the first federal law to extend legal protections to transgender persons (James, 1998). Gwen Araujo Gwen Araujo – born Edward â€Å"Eddie† Araujo was a pre-operative transgender teen. Eddie was born as a boy and began living life as a girl at the age of 14. Her name was legally changed to Gwen Amber Rose Araujo two years after her death. In the early hours of Oct. 4, 2002, Gwen was killed by a group of men in her hometown of Newark, California then buried in a homemade grave after they found out she was born male. The men were convicted of second-degree murder in connection to the killing of Gwen Araujo who was beaten, tied up and strangled, according to previous media reports. (Heinrich, 2006) States That Have Highest Rate of Hate Crimes against Homosexuals New York and California are the two states with the highest anti-gay hate crime rates.in 2011 in California a three fourths of hate crimes were motivated by the sexual orientation of the victims. The majority of hate crime reported in that category targeted gay men. â€Å"These crimes continue to disproportionately affect LGBT people of color,† (Marroquin, 2012, p. #). The second highest state is New York with a percentage of 19.6 in 2010 and 39.4 in 2011. (Lovett, 2011). In 2011, the most common reported types of bias motivation in hate crime incidents involved: race/ ethnicity religion, and sexual orientation leading at 40.6 percent.(Lovett,2011). Incidents with a sexual orientation bias increased 15 percent, from 119 in 2010 to 167 in 2011 (Lovett,2012). Consequences of hate crimes and conviction rates Haider (2001) states that â€Å"Hate crime policy implementation is shaped by the support and efforts of officers, the tractability of the problem, the support of police leaders, and the presence of state hate crime policies, police resources, and public opinion.†(p.1). The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 required the U.S. Department of Justice to collect data on incidence  of hate crimes. This Act was passed by Bush in 1990. As a response to the murders of Matthew Shepard president Obama passed the most recent act in 2009. This Bill helps protect the LGBT community against hate crimes. Hate crime laws seems to be good but due to lack of enforcement a lot has still gone undone. There are still many hate crimes unsolved as well as unreported. Numbers have not gone down but, they have gone up. (Parfaite-Claude, 2012). Conviction Rates are shockingly low. According the Attorney General’s Report, only 51% of cases filed as â€Å"Hate Crimes† result in Convictions . Conclusion In conclusion, No matter what state you are in the statistics say that anti-gay hate crimes are leading in numbers. Sadly, Crime against persons is number one. Second is crime against Property. What must be taken into consideration is that more than half of anti- gay hate crimes are not reported, Due to fear, pride, or embarrassment. Although America has come a Long way with its hate crime laws and convictions, something more must be done. The enforcers of the law must do their jobs and remain loyal to their promises to their communities. In effect the people will feel more protected, which will in turn help them to feel more comfortable in reporting crimes. The key to overcoming hate crimes is to overcome hate. References Gay men more likely victims of hate crimes. (2012, May 23). Windy City Times Altschiller, D. (2009). Hate crimes: V.1: Understanding and defining hate crime; v.2: The consequences of hate crime; v.3: The victims of hate crime; v.4: Hate crime offenders; v.5: Responding to hate crime. Choice, 46(12), 2418-2418. Brownworth, V. A. (1992, Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men. Lambda Book Report, 3, 34-34. Coker, C. T. (2011). Hope-fulfilling or effectively chilling? reconciling the hate crimes prevention act with the first amendment. Vanderbilt Law Review, 64(1), 271-299 Dressler, J. (1995). When â€Å"heterosexual† men kill â€Å"homosexual† men: Reflections of provocation law, sexual advances, and the â€Å"reasonable man† standard. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 85(3), 726-726. Fernandez, J. M. (1991). Bringing Hate Crime into Focus-The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-275. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 26(1), 33. Haider-Markel, D. P. (2001). Implementing Controversial Policy: results from a national survey of law enforcement department activity on hate crime. Justice Research and Policy, 3(1), 29-62. Herdt, G. (1995). The protection of gay and lesbian youth — hate crimes: The rising tide of bigotry and bloodshed by jack levin and jack McDevitt / violence against lesbians and gay men by gary david comstock. Harvard Educational Review, 65(2), 315-315 Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 19-22. Heidenreich, L. (2006). LEARNING FROM THE DEATH OF GWEN ARAUJO?—Transphobic Racial Subordination and Queer Latina Survival in the Twenty-First Century. Chicana/Latina Studies, 50-86. Hoffman, S. W. (2011). â€Å"Last night, I prayed to matthew†: Matthew shepard, homosexuality, and popular martyrdom in contemporary america. Religion and American Culture : R & AC, 21(1), 121-164. Lamp inen, T. M., PhD., Chan, K., Anema, A., Miller, M. L., R.N., Schilder, A. J., Schechter, Martin T,M.D., PhD., . . . Strathdee, S. A., PhD. (2008). Incidence of and risk factors for sexual orientation-related physical assault among young men who have sex with men. American Journal of Public Health, Mariana Marroquin(2011), L.A. Gay & Lesbian Center’s Anti-Violence Project. Martin, S. E. (1995). â€Å"A cross-burning is not just an arson†: Police social construction of hate crimes in baltimore county. Criminology, 33(3), 303-30398(6), 1028-35 Morin, S. F. (1977). Heterosexual bias in psychological research on lesbianism and male homosexuality. American Psychologist, 32(8), 629. Nadine, R. R., & Davison, G. C. (2002). Articulated thoughts about antigay hate crimes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(4), 431-447. Nolan,James J., I.,II, Akiyama, Y., & Berhanu, S. (2002). The hate crime statistics act of 1990: Developing a method for measuring the occurrence of hate violence . The American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), 136-153. Parfaite-Claude, D. (2012). Gay-bashing, interrupted: the effects of the presence of state hate crime statutes on the prevalence of hate crimes against gay individuals. Stotzer, R. L. (2008). Gender identity and hate crimes: Violence against transgender people in los angeles county. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 5(1), 43-52. Stotzer, R. L. (2010). Sexual orientation-based hate crimes on campus: The impact of policy on reporting rates. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 7(3), 147-154 Tejeda, M. J. (2004). Egalitarianism and self-esteem as correlates of hate ideation against gay men and lesbians. Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health, 10(1), 42-50 Wilson, M. S., & Ruback, R. B. (2003). Hate crimes in pennsylvania, 1984-99: Case characteristics and police responses*. Justice Quarterly : JQ, 20(2), 373-398

Qnt565

University of Phoenix Material – Sonya Cargill 11/12/12 Week Five Calculations Read the following scenarios, and answer the accompanying questions. 1. Statistics students were asked to fill a one-cup measure with raisin bran, then tap the cup lightly on the counter three times to settle the contents. If necessary, they were instructed to add more raisin bran to bring the contents exactly to the one-cup line, then spread the contents on a large plate, and count the raisins.The 13 students who chose Kellogg’s Raisin Bran obtained the results shown below: 23334436294231336136342324 †¢ Calculate the mean, median, and mode. Is the distribution skewed to the left or to the right? Mean: 34. 5, Mode: 23,33,36, Median: 33 The mean is greater than the median†¦. therefore the distribution should be skewed to the right. †¢ Which is the best measure of central tendency and why? Mean – the data doesn’t have any real outliers and is roughly symmetric. Calc ulate the standard deviation. Why is there variation in the number of raisins in a cup of raisin bran? Why might it be difficult for Kellogg’s to reduce variation? Standard deviation is: 10. 3087.The variation in the number of raisins in a cup of raisin bran could be a result the size flakes or possibly the size of the raisins that may skew the numbers from being equal. 2. The following are monthly rents paid by 30 students who live off-campus. 730730730930700570 901030740620720670 560740650660850930 600620760690710500 730800820840720700 †¢ Find the mean, median, mode, and standard deviation. Mean: 725 Mode: 730 Median: 720 Standard Deviation: 114. 28 †¢ Describe the typical rent paid by a student. 720 †¢ Do the measures of central tendency agree? Explain. Yes, they are pretty close to each other (mean, mode, median) in range. †¢ Are there outliers or unusual data values? No †¢ Do you think the data could come from a normal population? Yes

U.S Constitution essays

U.S Constitution essays In 1787, a few years after America broke away from England, the constitution we use today was made. Before that, starting in 1777, the states operated under a government they called the Articles of Confederation. This government basically said that each state should have its own independence, and operate within their own government. After about 6 years, this government didnt work very well, because of civil unrest, bad trade, and inflation. A group of people led by George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, and others, believed in the constitution. These people were called Federalists. They believed that the states should be operated by one unified single government. The Federalists wanted to write a new constitution, and make a more efficient government, and they did. Anti-Federalists, such as Samuel Adams or Patrick Henry believed the opposite. In 1777, the articles of confederation were written. This was the first ever constitution in the United States. The Articles didnt really work very well, because of a few problems. They basically said that each state was their own government, and the 13 states werent really connected under the same government at all. They has their own system of money, laws, trade, and others, and this didnt work well at all. Each states currency had different value, which made it impossible to trade and sell stuff between states. Inflation was a big problem. The government was producing to much money. The amount in circulation was too much, and as a result, the value of money went down. This helped people in debt, because if they borrow something in a form other than money (like $10.00 worth of corn), and the value of money goes down, then it takes less corn to pay of the debt. The debtor gets a good deal that way, but the creditor (the other guy) gets a bad deal. A final reason is that the soci ety really didnt like the wa...

How to Struggle with Writing Papers

How to Struggle with Writing Papers How to Struggle with Writing Papers For some students writing a paper is a disaster. Some of them find it time-consuming and monotonous, thus they soon become very bored. Others would rather deal with some other type of assignment. A number of students think they dont have enough skills to cope with paper writing. However, practically any activity that is new can prove to be difficult without proper preparation. People learn how to ride a bicycle, cook, or do yoga. Writing good papers is also a skill every student can learn to develop. So, why not start right now? First, many people find writing a boring activity. Of course, if you sit at your desk without any ideas on how and what to write, youll wind up spending more time then needed on your paper, and it will probably be of poor quality. You will be bored, and you will receive a poor grade. On the other hand, if you have a plan, you will know what exactly you should do, and youll have no time to become bored. Determine your priorities, break your tasks into several smaller sub-tasks and establish deadlines. By doing so, you will know that if you put something off till tomorrow, you will have to do more the next day to stick to your schedule. This may motivate you to stay focused. Another problem many students face is a lack of ideas. Well, you dont have to be extremely creative to write a paper. Just think about possible topics for your paper from time to time. For example, mull possibilities over in your mind while you are on the subway or walking to the supermarket. Take your notebook with you and write down ideas that pop into your head. Take a sheet of paper, sit down, and write everything you can think of concerning your topic, even the craziest ideas. When you are finished, you can select the ones that will work for your paper. Brainstorming helps you find a solution you didnt expect to think of earlier. If these strategies do help and you feel you are in a rut, you can always consult someone more experienced. That person might be your teacher or a friend who has already written a paper on a related topic. You could just google the topic. Perhaps someone has already explored or researched a topic that interests you. You can use their ideas as a springboard to come up with your own thoughts. Finally, dont be afraid to make a mistake while working on your paper. Keep in mind that practice makes perfect. You will develop a draft of your paper to proofread and edit several times. Once youve finished writing, though, take a break to clear your head. Read your paper the next day with a fresh mind. That will help you to perceive it in a different way. All the fragments that need to be corrected and all the mistakes and inaccuracies will be apparent to you. It may take some time, but this is a reliable method that works for many students. You may already be familiar with some of the tips described above, or you have your own methods for how to write a paper; however, all of these tips combined will probably help you make writing a paper a more enjoyable experience. Our online custom paper writing service is designed to help students with writing different academic papers contact us now!

History of Capitalism in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

History of Capitalism in Japan - Essay Example An economic arrangement is the amalgamation of the many agencies, which make the economic hierarchy that defines the social world. Trade brings the agencies together. Since no single state has made it to where Japan is, Japan is controlled by capitalists elsewhere seen a country to be emulated. Three decades down the line, its war-shattered economy was a little bit higher compared to a third of Britain's (Ihara, 279). Presently the Japanese Gross National Product is much higher than that of Britain and France when added together, and the gap is expected to become wider in the coming years. The Japanese variation of capitalism cannot be easily or precisely emulated, since it has got its roots in a homogeneous, hierarchical society. A lot of history that translates to the present day Japan dominates capitalism in Japan. Civil war that started majorly because of a single leader owned nearly 25% of the land while the other part belonged to his relative. The King at the present was no mor e than a figurehead. Large populations of civilians were not opulent and did not pursue any form of work. Tokugawa Ieyasu Gains Power The era of the Edo started despite the authorized organization of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1603 and concludes with the Meiji refurbishment. Tokugawa Ieyasu's success over daimyo at the struggle of Sekigahara in 1600 gave power over the largest part of Japan. He accumulated his power in Edo, which is now day Tokyo, shielding himself with honored vassals and introducing military campaigns to destroy those who were against him. Tokugawa allies in Osaka demolished the final important to the newly created Tokugawa Shogunate, which is Toyotomi clan, in 1615. The Tokugawa Shogunate created a firm friendship with the Emperor as well as the Imperial Court by assisting to reconstruct its castles and providing more land. Sealed Region Policies Tokugawa Ieyasu become uncomfortable with the foreigners and implemented firm measures to reduce their number and influ ence in Japan. Christianity was forced to abandon their faith and other groups were sending away from Japan. The Shimabara Rebellion in 1637-1638 was composed of mainly ordinary Christians who were irritated with greater than before taxes and harassment of Christians (Harootunian, 367). The Tokugawa Shogunate, through aid from the Dutch who availed gunpowder and cannons, destroyed the rebellion and beheaded about 37,000 opponents. The rebel leader, young Amakura Shiro, was beheaded and his head taken away to Nagasaki to be put on show. The state spearheaded bullying of Christians that went on up to the 1850 is making some to carry out their belief as a kakura kirishitan. The tightened alien policy measures did not end with hounding of believers. In 1635, the Closed Country Edict banned Japanese from exiting Japan and if somebody left, they would not be allowed to come back. Community position was hereditary and the feudalistic social chain of command from previous periods went on to the Edo period. Land was under the ownership of Imperial family, the Shogun, or local daimyo. Beneath this structure, the Shogun was to in a position to manage local daimyo from rising to power. Keeping kin class was of significant, both in public and lawfully. If a person was found culpable of a crime and released, their close relatives could turn out to